ABSTRACT
We report the structural instability of nanotubes subjected to treatment with ammonium hydroxide solution prior to calcination at elevated temperatures. The nanotubes were disintegrated into nanoparticles and the tubular morphology was vanished after 2 h of calcination at . High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy were used to understand the nature of structural collapse in the treated nanotubes. It was concluded that the volumetric changes during amorphous to anatase phase transformation and surface cracking was the key role during the collapse of -treated nanotubes.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was financially supported by the Multiscale Technologies Institute (MuSTI) at Michigan Technological University.
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